Differences in dimension designation, tolerance systems, applications, and standards systems.
Pipe is designated by nominal diameter (NPS/DN), with wall thickness expressed as Schedule; it is mainly used for conveying fluids, and its size series is highly standardized.
Tube is designated by actual outside diameter × wall thickness, with tighter tolerances; it is commonly used for heat exchangers, instrumentation, and precision structures, and its size series is more flexible.
When purchasing, specify clearly: outside diameter, wall thickness, length, standard (ASTM A312 / A269 / EN 10216, etc.), and surface and testing requirements. Do not simply write "stainless steel pipe."