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点蚀 · 缝隙腐蚀 · 缺陷 · 氯离子

点蚀与缝隙腐蚀怎么排查:先找氯离子和缝隙,再看表面

点蚀多发生在含氯环境与钝化膜薄弱处,缝隙腐蚀集中在垫片、搭接与沉积物下。排查顺序:介质→结构→表面→牌号。
点蚀(pitting)与缝隙腐蚀(crevice corrosion)是不锈钢最常见的两类局部腐蚀,排查可按以下顺序:
1) 介质:确认氯离子浓度、温度、pH 与是否含氧化剂;氯离子 + 升温会显著提高风险。 2) 结构:检查是否存在缝隙——垫片下、搭接缝、螺栓孔、焊渣残留、沉积物堆积处,缝隙内易贫氧、酸化。 3) 表面:是否有游离铁污染、划伤、氧化皮未清除、钝化不良;可用蓝点试验或铁离子检测辅助判断。 4) 牌号:评估 PREN 是否足够;304 在高氯环境易点蚀,316L/2205 更合适。
处理建议:
• 结构上减少缝隙、改善排液、避免死角; • 工艺上彻底酸洗钝化,去除嵌入铁颗粒; • 选材上按介质与温度提高 PREN,必要时升级双相钢。
现场发现锈点时,不要只做表面擦拭——先判断是污染、点蚀还是缝隙腐蚀,再对症处理。
Compiled by SteelWe editors and industry experts. For industry exchange only; not trading or investment advice. Cite the source when quoting.
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