Surgical instruments and implant auxiliary tools mostly use 316L (medical grade), while some implants use 316LVM or titanium alloys.

Requirements: - Materials must comply with ASTM F138/F139 or the ISO 5832 series, with the melting method and inclusion rating provided. - Surface: electropolishing or passivation, with roughness and residue controlled. - Sterilization: high-pressure steam, ethylene oxide, or irradiation; materials must withstand the corresponding conditions. - Documentation: biocompatibility, material certificates, cleaning validation records.

Note: Ordinary industrial 316L cannot be used directly for medical purposes; medical-grade materials and a clean production environment are required.