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304 · 316L · PREN · 选型

304 与 316L 怎么选:先看氯离子环境与 PREN

304 适合常规大气与淡水;316L 含钼,耐氯离子点蚀明显更强。用 PREN 快速判断,再看焊接与成本。
选 304 还是 316L,第一步不是比价格,而是确认服役环境的氯离子浓度和温度。
PREN(耐点蚀当量)常用公式为 PREN = Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N。304 的 PREN 典型约 18–20,316L 约 24–26;PREN 越高,抗点蚀能力越强。
经验判断:
• 室内、常规大气、淡水、食品接触等低氯环境,304 通常够用; • 沿海大气、含氯清洗剂、泳池环境、化工介质,优先 316L; • 高温高氯或缝隙结构,需进一步评估 2205、904L 或 6% Mo 超级奥氏体。
注意两点:
1) 316L 的钼提高耐蚀性,但门槛波动较大,深冲件或高抛光件需确认表面状态; 2) 焊接后 304 与 316L 都需控制热输入,316L 的低碳设计可降低晶间腐蚀风险,但不能替代固溶处理。
采购沟通时把介质、温度、氯离子含量、是否焊接写清楚,比只报牌号更能一次选对。
Compiled by SteelWe editors and industry experts. For industry exchange only; not trading or investment advice. Cite the source when quoting.
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