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无损检测 · UT · ET · PT · RT · 术语

无损检测术语:UT、ET、PT、RT 分别查什么

UT 查内部缺陷、ET 查表面/近表面、PT 查表面开口缺陷、RT 看内部结构;不锈钢管板常用组合不同。
不锈钢板、管、焊缝的验收常涉及无损检测(NDT),四个常用方法的区别:
• UT(超声检测):利用声波反射查内部缺陷(分层、夹杂、裂纹),适合厚板、锻件、焊缝内部;对缺陷取向敏感。 • ET(涡流检测):电磁感应查表面与近表面缺陷,常用于不锈钢管、带材在线检测;速度快,但对深层缺陷不敏感。 • PT(渗透检测):着色或荧光渗透查表面开口缺陷(裂纹、气孔),适合焊缝与复杂形状;非多孔材料适用。 • RT(射线检测):X/γ 射线透视内部结构,看气孔、未焊透、夹杂;有辐射安全要求,厚件受限。
选择建议:
1) 板材内部质量:UT 为主;表面质量:目视 + PT/ET; 2) 换热管/无缝管:ET 或 UT(按标准); 3) 焊缝:RT/UT 查内部,PT/MT 查表面(不锈钢通常用 PT); 4) 验收标准要写明方法、比例、合格级别与验收人员资质。
NDT 是抽检手段,不能替代成分与力学复验;关键件建议组合使用。
Compiled by SteelWe editors and industry experts. For industry exchange only; not trading or investment advice. Cite the source when quoting.
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