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焊接 · 气孔 · 未熔合 · 氧化色 · 工艺

不锈钢焊接常见缺陷:气孔、未熔合与氧化色怎么防

气孔多来自保护不良与油污,未熔合与热输入/坡口有关,氧化色是保护不足的信号。焊前清理与气体保护是核心。
不锈钢焊接缺陷大多可追溯到「清理、保护、参数」三件事:
1) 气孔:母材或焊材有油污、水分、锈迹,保护气体不足或流量过大(紊流卷入空气),环境风大未遮挡。对策:焊前彻底清理、检查气路、加挡风、按规范烘干焊材。 2) 未熔合/未焊透:坡口角度过小、钝边过大、电流偏小、焊速过快、层间清理不净。对策:按板厚设计坡口、做 WPS/PQR、控制层间温度与清理。 3) 氧化色(热 tint):保护气体覆盖不足或拖罩不良。氧化色区域耐蚀性下降,需酸洗钝化去除;重要件应控制到无氧化色。 4) 焊接变形:薄板采用分段退焊、对称焊与夹具拘束;必要时焊后矫形。
验收建议:外观 + 必要时 PT/RT/UT;对耐蚀关键件,焊后必须酸洗钝化并做蓝点试验。焊接质量不是靠"补焊"解决,而是靠工艺纪律。
Compiled by SteelWe editors and industry experts. For industry exchange only; not trading or investment advice. Cite the source when quoting.
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